Programming Language and Paradigms.

Hi, IGNOU BCA Student reader

In this specific post I am going to explain the two terms that is Programming Language and Paradigms.

Programming language & Paradigm 

What is programming language and its different type of paradigms?

Programming language is language which is use to write a program or software for hardware that having a CPU. Programming language is used to instruct the hardware by instruction what task has perform accordingly given sequenced instructions. In computer world, Programming language has its own journey of evolution. First generation programming language were called machine language because of symbols like 0's and 1's were used to write program. The second generation of programming language were called Assembly language and used mnemonics to construct a program.

Both generation of programming language were CPU dependent that is type of CPU will have its own machine and assembly language.

The third generation programming language was called High Level Language as these programming languages were independent of the CPU of the hardware being used and the instructions written in the programs were just like instruction given in natural languages. The third generation programming language are also know as  3GL language. The current generation of programming language are called fourth generation or the 4GLs. 

These languages represent the class of programming language that are more closest to human ( natural) languages. 

Next Part of Question : Paradigms

Most of programming language are broadly classified as imperative programming languages where imperative sentences are used in program to issue commands in terms of instruction.

Same as declarative programming languages where declarative instructions are used in program to get the desired result. 

But a more common paradigm classified these language into following. Please see table...

Summary of Main Features of Different Paradigms

Paradigm	Key Concept	Program	Program Execution	Result
Imperative	Command	Sequence of commands	Execution of commands	Final state of computer memory
Functional	Function	Collection of function	Evaluation of functions	Value of the main function
Logic	Predicate	Logical formulas, axioms $ a theorem	Logic proving of the theorem	Failure or Success of proving
Object-oriented	Object	Collection of classes of objects	Exchange of messages b/w the objects	Final state of the objects

Programming languages that falls under specific programming paradigms:

Paradigm	Examples
Imperative	Algol, Pascal, C, Ada
Functional	Lisp, Refal, Planner, Scheme
Logic	Prolog
Object-oriented	Smalltalk, Eiffel, C++, Java

But, There is existence of programming language that inherit the feature of more than one paradigms and some of modern programming language are listed below.

 

Paradigms	Examples
Imperative + Object oriented	Object Pascal, C++, Java, Ada 95
Functional + Object oriented	Clos
Logic + Object oriented	Object Prolog

C is procedure-oriented programming language which executes the codes in sequence and procedurally ( as it written or directed ). that's why c has not support of objects and classes. 

Procedural and object-oriented programming language (OOP) fall under imperative language paradigm. C++, Java, Python are the example of this imperative paradigm.

Comment your idea...